Leonhard Balduf, one of the researchers behind the social network Bluesky, shared insights with Hello Future on why the platform’s decentralized design is key to its rapid growth and unique user experience. Bluesky divides its main functions into sub-components developed by various stakeholders, allowing users unprecedented flexibility and personalization.
Unlike traditional centralized social networks like X (formerly Twitter), Bluesky’s architecture relies on decentralized user identifiers and personal data servers. This setup improves user data management by enabling users to create distinct digital identities independent of service providers and to store their data on servers they can switch between.
The platform includes relay servers that aggregate data for efficient delivery and feed generators that customize and moderate content, making Bluesky highly adaptable. Since launching in November 2022 as an invite-only service, Bluesky’s user base expanded significantly, reaching 30 million users by December 2024 with millions of daily posts, likes, and messages.
However, Bluesky faces challenges such as scaling its centralized components like relays and managing decentralized content moderation to balance freedom of expression with regulatory compliance. Additionally, its ad-free, free-to-use business model raises questions about long-term financial sustainability.
Looking ahead, Bluesky is poised for further growth, especially by attracting niche communities through tailored functionalities and by encouraging third-party app development to expand its ecosystem. Overcoming its technical and economic challenges will be crucial for the platform to fulfill its potential.
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